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Lesion Scoring in Poultry
Coccidiosis is the parasitic disease which caused by single cell protozoa of Emeria under the family of Apicomplexa, There are eleven spp of Emeria spp but consider seven species now a days, producing lesion at various sites in the intestine of poultry.
There are some lesion scoring system applying for diagnosed coccidiosis both in the laboratory & field. There are reportable three scoring system follows worldwide. Lesion scoring done by following way;
Sites Of Lesion:
Its most important scoring systems where practitioner easily scores by naked eyes. So it’s also called field scoring system. Its broadly divided four section in the intestine of poultry.
Sites of lesion scoring | Types of Emeria species present |
The Duodenum ( Upper) | Emeria acervulina & E. mivati |
The Midgut from the duodenum past the mekel’s diverticulum | Emeria maxima, preacox, nicartrix, mitis |
The lower small intestine from the mekel’s diverticulum to cecal junction | Emeria maxima, preacox , mitis & brunetti |
The Cecum | Emeria tenella |
Anothers techinque follow in control experiment may practice worldwide.This technique explain by Jehnson & Raid using scale 0 to 4, where 0 is normal & 4 is maximum lesion. Emeria maxima is the only Emeria spp they have causing cocidiodiosis early to older birds. This scoring system possible in control experiments where Emeria spp known that’s have separated scale below
Score number | Number of Emeria parasites present per fields |
00 | No parasites present |
01 | 1-10 parasites/field |
02 | 11-20 parasites/field |
03 | 21-49 parasites/field |
04 | 50 or above parasites/field |
In others coccidiosis eg Emeria nicartrix, brunette,tanella etc following scoring lesion system:
Score number | Number of Emeria parasites present per fields |
1 | 1-25 parasites/field |
2 | 26-50 parasites/field |
3 | 51-75parasites/field |
4 | Greater than parasites/field |
Microscopic scoring system:
Lesion scoring also done by Microcsopic examination in coccidiosis. We can see various stages like macro & microgametes, schizont under the microscope caused by Emeria spp For this purpose a small amount of mucosal scraping should be diluted with saline water on a slide and then covered with a coverslip of the sample. Oocysts or macrogametes are most easily seen, but in many cases, the lesion is caused by maturing schizonts of Emeria spp.
Characteristics lesion | Types of Emeria Speciespresent |
The clusters of large schizonts | Emeria nicartrix & tenella |
The small round oocysts | Emeria mitis |
The large gemetocysts | Emeria maxima |
The clusters of large schizonts in the duodenum | Emeria acervulina |
The clusters of large schizonts in the midgut | Emeria nicartrix |
The clusters of large schizonts in the cecum | Emeria tenella |
The clusters of large schizonts in the colon | Emeria brunetti |
Similar lesion associated with oocyst in the intestine scoring same way. Measurement of 20–30 oocysts of the predominant type of oocyst usually gives a good indication of the size of the unknown species.
Dropping Scoring:
This types scoring has obvious complication where birds are infected more than one spp. It’s based on extent of abnormal dropping scaled in 4 to 0 where 0 is indicated no diarrhea & 4 indicates maximum diarrhoea.
Scoring number | Types of Droppings |
0 | No diarrhoea |
1 | Scanty diarrhoea |
2 | Fluidly diarrhoea |
3 | Mucus diarrhoea |
4 | Fluid, mucus, blood with diarrhoea |
Writer: Dr Md Ramzan Ali, Poultry Consultant, contact: poultrymania19@gmail.com
Related post
Coccidiosis: Site Of Infection Of Emeria spp
Acute Coccidiosis: Postmortem Findings
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