Gumboro Disease Vaccination Strategy
Gumboro disease vaccination strategy is a typical task for any veterinarian and poultry producers due to it depends on the environmental temperature in the present time in south Asia and other countries. According to observation in the field, the disease is the most outbreak during the summer season compared to wintertime.
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What is the infectious bursal disease?
Gumboro disease OR infectious bursal disease is caused by the Avibirna virus under the family of Bunyaviridae and it is an RNA virus having a 50-60 diameter. It is also known as the Infectious bursal disease virus.
Risk Factors
So, environmental stress is a culprit inducing gumboro disease in the flock. Therefore, vaccination schedules for the gumboro disease or Infectious bursal disease fixed according to the upcoming summertime. As a result, it is called temperature depending on viral disease
It is written the poultry veterinarian who has been practicing poultry medicine where million of the farmers facing this problem and veterinarians practicing lots of vaccination for gumboro disease.
Normal Pattern of Gumboro Disease
The pattern of gumboro disease means the disease starting to infect the birds at a specific age. There are two types of poultry available for the commercial market, broiler, and layer. in a sequence of global warming, the pattern of this disease has been changing which is depends on age and occurrence of severe coccidiosis.
In Broiler
In the case of broiler, it is a world fast-growing meat-producing poultry and they have needed lots of oxygen to maintain physiologic function. In the summer season, where farmers unable to provide sufficient oxygen when the temperature persists above 30-degree Celcius, they suffering from environmental stress. As a consequence, Guboro disease occurred due to has a short incubation period. In the temperate zone, It usually affects the bird’s early ages from 04-42 days due to global warming. but previously encounter after two weeks.
In layer chicken
Egg-producing chicken commercially called layer hen. It is more resistant to temperature especially in the highly temperate zone compared to broiler birds. But, early age is important due to gumboro disease early affect the layer chicks in the first weeks due to global warming.
According to field observation, Open shed farmers are unconscious, do not provide any additional ventilation by the electric fan. Consequently, layer hen suffering environmental stress and infected by the infectious bursal disease or gumboro disease. it has been occurring from day 3-45 days due to the virus has virulency ability to infects chicks at an embryonic stage in vitro study.
Vaccination Strategy
The vaccination schedule of the gumboro disease according to the global warming fact is presented in two ways. Firstly, we can explain the previous vaccine schedule, and secondly, we can elucidate the updated successfully field-proven vaccine schedule of the gumboro disease.
Vaccine Strains For Gumboro Disease
In the Indian subcontinent, there are basically three types of gumboro vaccine strains available the prevent this disease. the strain is
- Lukert strain which is also called mild strain
- The intermediate strain is also known as mildly pathogenic strain or Georgia-type vaccine. It is available as an intermediate plus vaccine after modifying vaccine strain which has better protection capability compared to the Intermediate type.
- The inactivated vaccine which is called killed vaccine for Gumboro Disease
Previous vaccine schedule
For both layer and broiler, live IBD or gumboro vaccine given at first dose in 10 days with intermediate strain and the second dose at 18 days with intermediate strain age of birds by the intra-ocular route and water medication. Some veterinarian suggests Newcastle disease plus IBD which contain parent strain of the virus form as inactivated form vaccine at neck region on 7 days.
But, nowadays, the schedule is useless due to the concurrent outbreak that has been taking place after applying the farm due to the IBD virus enter the body of poultry and incubated due to environmental stress within 10 days. As a result, the vaccine fails to induce immunity against the gumboro disease.
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The most reliable strains of gumboro which are scientifically proved to prevent this disease are intermediate and intermediate plus strains. Inactivated vaccine combination with Newcastle disease is not mentioned any specific strain of the gumboro disease. As a result unable to induce immunity to the specific strains of IBD. Further which is much more increase stress in layer chicks. Therefore, I assume that it is washout some money from openly shared farmers.
The vaccine contain in combine form such Newcastle disease and IBD with specicfic strains which is much proven in the field should be injected otherswise, it is wastages of money. However, It is not mandetory to inject IBD killed vaccine for open scale farmers due to it is easily prvent by the Live vaccination with good strategy.
Updated Vaccine schedule
In India, according to Dr surrender Khanna who has been practicing poultry for 38 years, lifetime award achiever on the poultry and livestock field from the Indian government illustrated gumboro vaccine schedule last year and prevent Gumboro disease on his practice field by this strategy-
- 6th Day- N.D killed +1BD killed 0.3ml/Bird in the neck region
- 3-4th Day- Intermediate standard
- 12 Day- B2k/ Intermediate Strain(plus)
- 17th-18 Day- Removal of manure is plus/MB strain
In Bangladesh, vaccination schedules providing our vet in his practice field and successfully cannot induce any outbreak even at temperature 38-40 degrees celsius.
O7 days- intermediate plus strain live
14 days- live intermediate plus strain
21 days- intermediate plus strain live
28 days- Intermediate plus strain types vaccine– If the birds keeping more than 40 days due to the primary replication site of the avibirna virus also called Gumboro disease is Bursa of Fabricius starting regress after 45 days.
In the present study, gumboro live vaccine inducing immunity by the invasion of the bursa fastly after applying water medication.
However, Vaccination program should be failuered if the birds immunosuppressed by the hot weather, Try to settle down electric fan from the day one to onwards in open shad system foe the better efficacy of the gumboro vaccine.
There are not inactivated vaccine apply killed vaccine which is combined with Newcastle disease. All the live vaccines apply through fresh drinking water in every vaccine schedule of gumboro or ibd vaccine and providing electric fans from an early age to onwards.
It is applicable at any environmental temperature due to the Indian subcontinent always vulnerable to gumboro disease in the summer season.
Gumboro Vaccine administration
In the case of a live vaccine, it is should be provided through water medication and avoid eye drops. vaccines strain are more actively acts on the bursa. without water medication the organ of the bursa, vaccines take more time to reach others’ route of administration. So, live vaccines of gumboro disease should be provided on drinking water. Don’t mix any antibiotics and disinfectant.
how to give gumboro vaccine?
It is done in two ways, by drinking water and injection form. Live attenuated vaccine should be provided through fresh drinking water or with milk without the fat. Killed oil adjuvant vaccine should apply subcutaneously or intramuscular route.
When to give gumboro vaccine?
The best time for giving gumboro vaccine on day 07, if the temperature exceeds 35degree centigrade especially in summer. because of maternal immunity of chicks decrease drastically in higher environmental temperature. In winter, you can give gumboro vaccine after 10 days due to maternal immunity slowly decrease until marketed age.
How to mix gumboro/IBD live vaccine with water?
Gumboro/ IBD live vaccine is available in several form according to viral concentration in the vaccine.
The normal gumboro/IBD vaccine dose count to 300, 5000 and 1000 dose.
Every live vaccine dose of gumboro/lBD live contains sterile solutions to mix drinks water. It is supplied every manufacturers company with vaccines.
The dilution procedure to mix gumboro/IBD vaccine to water is followed-
For 300 doses
Proper Mix the diluent well with freeze-dried live gumboro vaccine by sterile syringe and needle at a ratio of 300 doses/9 ml.
For 500 and 1000 doses
Proper use the supplied connector to connect the diluent vial to the freeze-dried live vaccine vial and mix well at a ratio of 500 doses/15 ml and 1000 doses/30 ml.
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