Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza
Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza (H9N2) just only one of the subtypes of Avian Influenza virus in poultry. It is referred to as the disease named avian influenza caused by infection with avian (bird) influenza (flu) Type A viruses in poultry. It’s also known as Bird Flu. Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza (H9N2) is more available compared to HPAI.
Types of infection
There are two types of avian Influenza infection found in birds 1) High pathogenic Avian influenza( HPAI) 2) Low pathogenic Avian Influenza (LPAI). So LPAI just only one of many subtypes in poultry.
Extensive mortality occurred at HPAI due to disease only seen in the peracute stage.
Clinical Signs
Clinical signs show Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza(LPAI) suddenly but mortality low in laying than broiler birds. the bird can remain infected for 1- 2 weeks but recovered after the disappearance of clinical signs.
Clinical signs vary from stage of infection, time & weather condition. this severity occurred when day length increase but cold weather at night by the overflow of air pressured increased.

edge of the comb became cyanotic are characteristics sign of Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza (LPAI) in poultry I

Severe prostration in broiler bird

Open Beak respiration in Chicken

Bilateral swollen head at broiler birds

Profuse mucoid nasal discharge is often seen in LPAI

Mucoid discharge from the mouth in severely infected birds

Conjunctivitis

Fully closed eye due to conjunctivitis

Head tuck under the feather

Excessive mucoid with slight greenish feces are characteristics sign of Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza (LPAI) in poultry

Egg Shell breakage pale coloured & reduce the size
characteristics sign of Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza (LPAI) in poultry
Table showing difference in symptoms between low and high pathogenic avian influenza
FACTORS | LOW PATHOGENIC AVIAN INFLUENZA (H9N2) | HIGH PATHOGENIC AVIAN INFLUENZA (H5N1) |
Feed intake reduction | Yes | No |
Coughing | Yes | No |
Sneezing | Yes | No |
Respiratory difficulty | Yes | No |
Greenish feces | Yes | Excessive milky with slight green |
High fever | Before death | After death |
Watery crop | No | Yes |
Egg production reduction | Yes | No |
Eggshell defects | Yes | No |
Water intake reduction | Yes | No |
Mortality | upt0 20% | 60-100% |
Time of recovery | within 10-14 days from infecting day | Not possible |
Sudden death | birds dying after few days | Yes, normal birds dying suddenly |
Md Ramzan Ali, DVM
Poultry consultant,
Contact: ramzandvm08@gmail.com
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