Maduramycin
Maduramicin ammonium is a monovalent monoglycoside polyether ionophore that consists of 90% ammonium salt that is a fermentation product of Actinomadura yumaense. It can be grade as two types Alpha meduramycin & beta maduramycin from its definition.
Chemical Properties
Alpha meduramycin defined as that consisting of 90% ammonium salt of a polyether monocarboxylic ionophore with -OH3 at the C5 of the ring Beta maduramycin define as that consisting of the ammonium salt of a polyether monocarboxylic ionophore with –OH group at C5 of the ring.
It is (alpha & beta) does not adversely affect egg production or egg quality. Its causes adverse effect on growth and feathering may occur at higher doses >6mg/kg (≥6 ppm).
Mode of Action
Its interfering with the transport of K+ & Na+ ions through cell membrane → influx of positively charged ions (H+) → upset of osmotic balance Causing disturbances mitochondrial function of intracellular coccidian (Selective E. spp.)
Endogenous at sages affect of Emeria species
It induces anticoccidial effect on asexual stages sporozoite, trophozoite & merozoite of selective Emeria spp of poultry.
Indication
It used as a coccidiostat for the prevention & control of coccidiosis thereby increased feed efficiency, improved weight gain, reduced the number of gut lesions & mortality in poultry. It is moderately active against gram-positive bacteria.
Pharmacokinetics
Maduramycin ionophores are metabolized in the liver and are excreted mostly into bile and feces as parent compounds and metabolites in all species. It rapidly eliminated from body two-third metabolites excreted within 2 days & total 90-95% excreated within seven days that show on the animal study.
Dosages
Meduramycin is effective for the prevention of coccidiosis @ 5mg/kg body weight. But in higher dosages, e.g 15 mg/kg body weight may cause significant weight gain depression & 8-14 mg/kg causes reduced feed efficiency in poultry. It may cause fatal toxicity in oral dosages.
For the control & prevention of coccidiosis, it may use in replacement pullets up to 16 weeks of age; turkey poults up to 12 weeks of age.
Toxicity
Maduramycin not teratogenic, Foetotoxic, carcinogenic in an animal study. It may incompatible with Tiamulin at a higher dosage above >15-20 mg/kg body weight.
Contraindication
It is used only for the prevention of coccidiosis in broiler only not use in laying birds. It does to mix with other ionophores that causing mixing error & Ionic imbalance. It does not provide horse or other equine species which causing fatal toxicosis or somehow happened mortality.
Withdrawal period
For egg & meat 5 days. It is suggested that maduramicin is acceptable without risk for use in the poultry feed @ 5mg/kg body weight for the prevention & control of coccidiosis & fattening poultry subject to mention withdrawal period.
Storage
Maduramycin should be stored under 15 degrees Celsius. Protect from direct sunlight which became causes decreased activity of maduramycin.
Available for form
It’s available as 1% & 5% as feed coccidiostat in the market.
Maduramycin shows greater anticoccidial activity is due to disorder in ion metabolism (potassium and sodium in particular).
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