Polyether Ionophores
Polyether Ionophores defined as a natural & biologically active compounds/ substances produced by fermentation of streptomyces or actinomadura. It destroys Emeria spp by inferring balance of most important ion especially sodium & potassium. There are some drugs included in this class. Its also called coccidiostat in an earlier time. It’s only used via poultry for controlling coccidiosis in poultry.
It was first discovered in the early 1950s, and their anticoccidial activities were recognized in the late 1960s. Because of their broad spectrum of activity and the development of drug resistance to other agents, the ionophores gained widespread usage in the poultry industry soon after their introduction. Most commonly used polyether ionophores generic name given below
Classification
It is classified by two class
a) Monovalent ionophores
Its define as Ionophoes that have valency one called Monovalent ionophores. eg monensin, narasin and salinomycin & Monovalent glycosidic ionophores (maduramicin and semduramycin)
Monensin
Maduramycin
Samduaramycin
b) Divalent ionophores
Its define Polyether as Ionophoes that have valency two called Divalent ionophores
for example Lasalosid
FDA approval
FDA approval
1971
1976
1983
1988
1989
1995
Approved Dosages
Approved Dosages
0.01–0.0121 %
0.0075–0.0125%
0.004–0.0066%
54–72g/T
5–6 ppm
25ppm
In here % means drugs 100 gm feed, PPM means Parts per million
Withdrawal period
Polyether Ionophores
Monensin
Lasalosid
Salinomycin
Narasin
Maduramycin
Samduaramycin
Withdrawal period (Days)
00
03
00
00
05
00
Adverse Effect
Polyether sodium (Na+) ionophores Increased intracellular Na+ concentrations will damage mitochondria and Golgi body into the host.
Intracellular Na+ further exchanges for extracellular Ca2+ (calcium ion), thereby increasing intracellular Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+].
this higher calcium ion in cardiac & skeletal muscle responsible for inducing the main toxicity of these drugs. It also increases catecholamine secretion of chromaffin cells caused jeopardize cardiac arrhythmia. It increases various hormone secretions in endocrine cells.
Related Post
Coccidiosis | Types Of Anticoccidial Drugs
Coccidiosis | Characteristics of Anticoccidial Drugs
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