What is Poultry Disease?
Poultry Disease is defined as the deviation from the normal state of health which may be characterized by impaired body functions, a decrease in production, mortality, and morbidity of the poultry population
Introduction of poultry diseases
Poultry diseases are susceptible to birds which are in several types of infectious and/or non-infectious diseases. The most common infections are a virus, bacteria, fungus, protozoa, Mycoplasma, Rickettsia, and chlamydia. This infectious-causing disease is the same as human beings.
The common disease which is similar to both poultry and human are typhoid, cholera, etc. These diseases affect the fast-growing especially broiler birds and laying chickens’ performances.
Sometimes, Poultry viral diseases are causing higher mortality due to respiratory infection, enteritis, bloody diarrhea, paralysis, and prostration. above mention, clinical sign cause huge production losses and enhance the production cost
Poultry disease Classification
- A. There are ways, we can classify the poultry diseases. Such as based on infectious category, organ, body system, symptoms. But broadly, we can divide into two classes
1. Infectious disease
It is defined as a disease caused by a live pathogen or microorganism. such as viruses, bacteria, fungus, etc. according to the spread of disease, infectious diseases are classified into three groups.
- Contagious disease
It is defined as a disease that can be spread from one place to another place by physical and non-physical means. For instance, Avian Influenza spread pandemically inside the country and worldwide by airborne transmission. It also spread by infected birds, humans, vehicles, etc.
- Non-Contagious disease
It means the disease which does not transmit from one location to another location by any means. Such as brooder pneumonia is a non-contagious disease in poultry Because it can not transmit from one person to another person or another place.
- Zoonotic disease
Zoonotic disease refers to a disease that transmits from animal to human. For instance, Newcastle disease found in poultry only. But it can be transmitted to humans causing conjunctivitis.
Non-infection disease
Non-infection disease defined as a disease caused by non-infectious agents. such as vitamin and mineral deficiency belong to this group. hypocalcemia, cage layer fatigue, fatty liver syndrome, etc.
Poultry diseases are originated mainly from the six infectious agents and non-infectious groups. We can discuss the categories in a separate from
- B. Poultry diseases and treatment is classified according to causal Agent such as bacterial, virus ,protozoal, Mycoplasmal, fungal, and metabolic diseases.
Bacterial diseases
The most common Poultry bacterial diseases are
- salmonellosis ( pullorum disease, fowl typhoid, paratyphoid etc,
- E.coli infection- Mashy chicks disease, navel ill, swollen head syndrome, colibacillosis, cellulitis,
- Infectious coryza,
- septicemic streptococcisis,
- Erysipelothrix infection,
- streptococcosis,
- staphylociccosis,
- brusellosis,
- Peudomonas infection,
- Avian listeriosis,
- Camphylobactor hepatitis,
Non- specific enteritis,
- botulism or limberneck,
- Gangrenous cellulitis,
- necrotic enteritis and cholengiohepatitis,
- Ulcerative hepatitis ( quail disease),
- Arizonosis,
- fowl typhoid,
- ornithobacterium Rhinotracheal infection,
- Gallibacterium infection,
- Avian Mycoplasma infection,
- Mycoplasma gallisepticum,
- Infectious synovitis,
Fowl cholera,
- Pasteurella in others diseases,
- Yersinosis
- Avian Pseudotuberculosis,
- Avian chlamydophilosis,
- Avian Tubercullosis,
- Spirochetosis,
- Avian intestinal spirochetosis ( AIS)
Diseases associated with viruses
Foremost common viral disease diseases are
Newcastle disease
- Avian paramyxivirus types 2 (APMV-2)
- Avian paramyxivirus types 3 (APMV-3)
- Avian Metapeumovirus(Turkey Rhinotracheatis virus or TRTV)
Avian Influenza Virus
- High pathogenic Avian Influenza HPAI)
- Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza (LPAI)
Tumor forming Virus disease in poultry
- Mareks disease
- Avian leucosis/sarcoma
- Reticuloendotheliosis
Infectious Bronchitis virus
- Baby chick Nephropathy/Avian viral nephrotis
- Avian Arthritis
- Runting syndrome, Helicopter disease, Brittle bone disease
- Pasty vent disease ( Reo virus, Cloacal Pasting)
- Avian Peumovirus (APV)
- Avian Encephalomyelitis
- Crcoviridae
- Avian pox
- Infectious Laryngo Tracheatis (ILT)
- Diseases due to Adenovirus
Inclusion body hepatitis (IBH)
Protozoal disease
Common protozoal diseases are, Bloody Coccidiosis, Emeria acervulina infection, indigestion originated from other species.
Fungal diseases
Fungal diseases for Poultry which are commonly found are
- Fevus (White comb)
- candidiasis (thrush)
- Mycotic dermatitis
- Histoplasmosis
- Torulopsis infection
- Cryptococcosis
- Mucormycosis
Mycoplasma associated diseases
Common respiratory is caused by
- Mycoplasma gallisepticum, called chronic respiratory disease (CRD), chronic respiratory disease Complex ( CCRD)
- Mycopkasma synovae infection
Metabolic diseases
Metabolic diseases are associated with the metabolism of feed and other ingredients. The common metabolic diseases are
- avian Gout,
- Indigestion related to feeding,
- dysbacteriosis,
- cage layer fatigue,
- Fatty liver syndrome, (FLS)
- fatty liver, and kidney syndrome, (FLKS)
- Toxic Fat Syndrome ( Chick edema disease)
Mycotoxicosis
- Alfa toxin
- Ochratoxin
- Rubratoxicosis
- Fusariotoxicocis
- Mouldy corn disease
- Tremorgan toxicity
- Stachybotrys toxicosis
- Oosporin amd citrinin toxicosis
- Ergotism
Parasitic diseases
- Round worm ( Ascardia galli infections)
- Cestodes (Tape worm)
- Trematode parasite
- Ectoparasite
- Coccidiosis
Nutritional Diseases
- Proteins
- Fats
- Vitamins
- Mineral deficiency
- Diseases due to deficiency of other nutrients
Miscellaneous diseases of poultry
- Heatstroke
- Digestive system
- Respiratory system
- Skin and superficial parts of the body
- Diseases of heart
- Nervous system diseases
- Hemopoietic system
- Urinary System
- Tumors
- Pullet disease
- Ascites
- Hemorrhagic proliferative provrntriculitis and Gizzard erosion
- Monitoring poultry house
Common vice of Poultry
- Cannabolism ( Fighting)
- Egg eating
- Egg Hiding
- Pica
Common Diseases of Duck
- Viral diseases
- bacterial diseases
- Fungal diseases
- Protozoan diseases
- Parasitics diseases
- Vitamine and minerals deficiency
