Salmonellosis is a symptomatic infection caused by bacteria of the Salmonella type.[1] The most common symptoms are diarrhea, fever, abdominal cramps, and vomiting.[1] This typically occurs between 12 hours and 36 hours after exposure with symptoms lasting from two to seven days.[4] Occasionally more significant disease can result in dehydration.[4] The old, young, and others with a weakened immune system are more likely to develop severe disease.[1] Specific types of Salmonella can result in typhoid fever or paratyphoid fever.[1][3]
There are two species of Salmonella: Salmonella bongori and Salmonella enterica with many subspecies.[4] Infection is usually spread by eating contaminated meat, eggs, or milk.[6] Other foods may spread the disease if they have come into contact with manure.[4] A number of pets including cats, dogs, and reptiles can also carry and spread the infection.[4] Diagnosis is by a stool test.[3]
Efforts to prevent the disease include proper preparation and cooking of food.[4] Mild disease typically does not require specific treatment.[4] More significant cases may require treatment of electrolyte problems and intravenous fluid replacement.[1][4] In those at high risk or in whom the disease has spread outside the intestines, antibiotics are recommended.[4]
Salmonellosis is one of the most common causes of diarrhea globally.[2] In 2015, 90,300 deaths occurred from non-typhoidal and 178,000 deaths from typhoidal salmonellosis.[5] In the United States about 1.2 million cases and 450 deaths occur from non–typhoidal salmonellosis a year.[1] In Europe it is the second most common foodborne disease after campylobacteriosis.[2]
Ref:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salmonellosis
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